Independent suspension types
| Double A-arm, steering link [Front] Double A-arm, toe link [Rear]  The classis unequal length, non parallel wishbone format. |
Lower A-arm, upper "virtual A-arm", steering link [Front] Lower A-arm, upper "virtual A-arm", toe link [Rear]  As used on the PorscheGT3 rear. |
Lower A-arm, upper parallel links, trailing link [Rear] As used on the Plymouth Prowler rear. |
| Upper A-arm, lower "virtual A-arm", steering link [Front] Upper A-arm, lower "virtual A-arm", toe link [Rear]  As used on the Mitsubishi Galant front. |
Upper A-arm, lower trailing and lateral links, toe link [Rear] As used on the Mitsubishi Galant rear. |
Upper and lower lateral links, twin trailing links, toe link [Rear]
 As used on the Chevrolet Corvette C4 rear with the drive shaft acting as the upper lateral link and leaf spring. |
| Upper and lower "virtual A-arms", steering link [Front] Upper and lower "virtual A-arms", toe link [Rear]  As used on some Mercedes rear. |
Upper lateral link, lower reversed A-arm, twin trailing links [Rear]
The classis '60s sports and racing car rear suspension. Lower lateral link, upper reversed A-arm, twin trailing links [Rear]
A variation on the above. |
Upper lateral link, lower parallel links, twin trailing link [Rear] A variation of the reversed lower A-arm style. |
Jaguar IRS [Rear]
 Either the OEM style with the drive shaft as the top link, or modified with a bespoke top link. |
Ford Integral Link [Rear]
Upper lateral link, lower A-arm with caster link |
Upper transverse leaf spring with lower
reversed A-arm and trailing link
As used on the TriumphGT6 |
H-arm + camber link [Rear]
Can also be inverted |
Ford Twin I-Beam [Front]
|
Porsche 928 [Rear]
|
Volkswagen twin trailing links [Front] |
Semi-trailing arm [Rear] |
Semi-trailing arm with camber control link
and toe control link [Rear] As used on Mazda RX7. |
Trailing arm, upper and lower lateral links [Rear]
 As used on the pre '84 Chevrolet Corvette (with the drive shaft acting as upper lateral link and a leaf spring) and BMW E36 (with bespoke lateral links and coil springs) |
Trailing arm, upper and lower lateral links, toe control link [Rear] |
| Macpherson strut, steering link [Front] Macpherson strut, toe link [Rear] 
|
Strut, lower "virtual A-arm, steering link [Front] Strut, lower "virtual A-arm, toe link [Rear]  As used on the front of some BMWs |
Tri-link strut [Rear]
|
Chapman strut [Rear]
As used on Lotus Elite and Lotus 15 |
Dual-axis strut [Front] As used on Renault Megane and Honda Civic |
Mono-wheel trailing arm [Rear]
|
Live axle suspension types
| Live axle 3 or 4 leading links Panhard rod with steering for front suspension 
|
Live axle 2 leading arms Panhard rod with steering for front suspension 
|
| Live axle or deDion 4 Trailing links 
|
Winters axle with
4 longitudinal links, 2 birdcages and Jacobs ladder.
This is the typical speedway rear suspension |
| Live axle or deDion 3 or 4 trailing links Mumford linkage  |
Live axle or deDion 3 or 4 trailing links Panhard rod 
|
Live axle or deDion 3 or 4 trailing links Watts linkage 
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Live axle or deDion 3 or 4 trailing links Woblink linkage  |
| Live axle or deDion 2 trailing arms Mumford linkage  |
Live axle or deDion 2 trailing arms Panhard rod  With a live axle this is the NASCAR rear |
Live axle or deDion 2 trailing arms Watts linkage  With a deDion axle, the Alfetta rear |
| Live axle (torque arm) 2 trailing links and torque arm slider Panhard rod  |
Live axle (torque arm) 2 trailing links and torque arm slider Watts linkage 
|
| Live axle (torque tube) Panhard rod 
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Live axle (torque tube) Watts linkage 
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| Live axle (torque arm) 4 trailing links with birdcage and torque arm link Panhard rod  |
Live axle (torque arm) 4 trailing links with birdcage and torque arm link Watts linkage 
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